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The three institutions making up the African regional human rights system, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, decided to jointly publish the African Human Rights Yearbook, to spearhead studies on the promotion and protection of human rights, and to provide a forum for constructive engagement about the African human rights system with academics and other human rights commentators on the continent. Volume 9 of the Yearbook, published in 2025, contains 30 contributions by scholars from Africa and beyond.
Les trois institutions qui composent le système régional africain des droits de l’homme, la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et le Comité africain d’experts sur les droits et le bien-être de l’enfant ont décidé de publier conjointement l’Annuaire africain des droits de l’homme pour encourager les études sur la promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme et offrir un forum d’interaction constructive sur le système avec les universitaires et observateurs du continent. Le Volume 9 de l’Annuaire, publié en 2025, contient 30 contributions de chercheurs du continent et d’ailleurs.
As três instituições do Sistema regional Africano de Direitos Humanos, o Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos, a Comissão Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos, e o Comité Africano de Especialistas sobre os Direitos e o Bem-Estar da Criança, decidiram a publicação conjunta do Anuário Africano de Direitos Humanos, com o objetivo de impulsionar os estudos sobre a promoção e a proteção dos direitos humanos, bem como providenciar um fórum para o diálogo construtivo acerca do sistema africano de direitos humanos, com académicos e outros especialistas em direitos humanos no continente. O volume 9 do Anuário, publicado em 2025, contém 30 contribuições de académicos africanos e de outros continentes.
ISSN: 2523-1367
EISSN: 2663-323X
Call for papers Volume 10 2026
THIS YEARBOOK SHOULD BE CITED AS (2025) 9 AHRY
The African Human Rights Yearbook publishes peer-reviewed contributions dealing with the aspects of the African human rights system covering its norms, the operation of its institutions, and the connection between human rights and the theme of the African Union for the year of publication, which in 2024 is ‘Educate an African fit for the 21st Century’.
The Yearbook appears annually under the aegis of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The Yearbook is an open access online publication.
Copyright vests with the authors of the articles.
CITATION (2025) 9 AHRY
L’Annuaire africain des droits de l’hommepublie des contributions relues portant sur les aspects du système africain des droits de l’homme touchant à ses normes et au fonctionnement de ses institutions ainsi qu’aux relations entre les droits de l’homme et le thème de l’Union africaine pour l’année de publication qui est, pour 2024 «Éduquer une Afrique digne du 21e siècle».
L’Annuaire paraît une fois par an sous l’égide de la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et du Comité africain d’experts sur les droits et le bien-être de l’enfant. L’Annuaire est une publication d’accès libre en ligne.
Les droits d’auteur sont détenus par les auteurs des articles.
ESTE ANUÁRIO DEVE SER CITADO COMO (2025) 9 AHRY
O Anuário Africano de Direitos Humanos publica contribuições revistas por pares, que abordam os aspetos do Sistema Africano de Direitos Humanos, englobando as suas normas, o funcionamento das instituições do sistema e a ligação entre os direitos humanos e o tema da União Africana para o presente ano de 2025, cujo tema é ‘Justiça para os africanos e afrodescendentes através de reparações’.
O Anuário é publicado anualmente sob a égide da Comissão Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos, do Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos e do Comité Africano de Especialistas sobre os Direitos e o Bem-Estar da Criança. O Anuário é uma publicação online de acesso aberto.
Open Access Policy
The African Human Rights Yearbook is an Open Access Journal and provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. In accordance with the definition of the Budapest Open Access Initiative all content published by the African Human Rights Yearbook is made free to users without any registration, subscription or other charges. Users are permitted to adapt, share, read, download, copy, distribute, redistribute, print, search, or link to the full text of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Politique de libre accès
L'Annuaire africain des droits de l'homme est une revue en accès libre et accorde un accès immédiat à son contenu, selon le principe que la mise à disposition gratuite de la recherche au public favorise un plus grand échange universel de connaissances. Conformément à la définition de l'Initiative de Budapest pour l'accès libre, tout le contenu publié par l'Annuaire africain des droits de l'homme est mis gratuitement à la disposition des utilisateurs, sans inscription, abonnement ou autres frais. Les utilisateurs sont autorisés à adapter, partager, lire, télécharger, copier, distribuer, redistribuer, imprimer, rechercher ou créer un lien vers le texte intégral de ces articles, ou les utiliser à toute autre fin licite sans demander l'autorisation préalable de l'éditeur ou de l'auteur. Ce travail est sous licence internationale Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
2025
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International advisory board / Comité consultatif international / Comité consultivo internacional
Acknowledgments / Remerciements
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Editorial / Éditorial
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I ARTICLES FOCUSED ON ASPECTS OF THE AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM AND AFRICAN UNION HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS
ARTICLES PORTANT SUR LES ASPECTS DU SYSTÈME AFRICAIN DES DROITS DE L’HOMME ET LES NORMES DES DROITS DE L’HOMME DE L’UNION
ARTIGOS RELATIVOS A ASPECTOS DO SISTEMA AFRICANO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DAS SUAS NORMAS DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DA ONU
Vestiges du droit colonial et droits humains: combler le minimalisme judiciaire de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples
Balole, Christian Via, Cirhuza Birindwa, Pacifique & Cirhuza Centwali, Guillain
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Building transregional standards: the African Commission’s Resolution 550, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the future of business and human rights
Belli, Anna Cláudia Menezes Lourega, Machado, Claudia Voigt Pisconti & Kurschner, Rafael de Lima
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Les recours en interprétation des arrêts de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples
Dongar, Bienvenu Criss-Dess & Afogo, Nouwagnon Olivier
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Kidfluencers in Africa: an emerging opportunity or an emerging concern for the evolving capacities of the African child?
Goliath, Stacey
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La politique de justice transitionnelle de l’Union africaine et la nécessité d’intégrer l’approche genre dans les réparations au niveau national à l’aune de l’expérience de la Gambie, du Mali et de la Côte d’Ivoire
Kindé, Damsou
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Organ trafficking in Africa and the role of the African human rights system in safeguarding human dignity, life and bodily integrity
Lalude, Olalekan Moyosore
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Les fonds régionaux au profit des victimes d’atrocités de masse en afrique
Sylla, Bouyeh Mahamadou
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De Banjul à Arusha: plaidoyer pour une protection high-cost du droit des peuples à la libre disposition de leurs richesses et de leurs ressources naturelles
Nkili Mbida, Eugène Pascal Parfait
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The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights’ power to review its decisions
Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira
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Touching where it hurts? revisiting the African Court judgments in relation to Tanzania’s restriction of direct access for individuals and NGOs
Protas, Petro
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The divergent jurisprudence of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the death penalty in Africa
Thomas, Irene Nyakagere
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II SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE AFRICAN UNION’S THEME FOR 2025: JUSTICE FOR AFRICANS AND PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DESCENT THROUGH REPARATIONS
FOCUS SPÉCIAL SUR LE THÈME DE L’UNION AFRICAINE POUR L’ANNÉE 2025: JUSTICE POUR LES AFRICAINS ET LES PERSONNES D’ASCENDANCE AFRICAINE GRÂCE AUX RÉPARATIONS
SECÇÃO ESPECIAL RELATIVA AO TEMA DA UNIÃO AFRICANA PARA O ANO DE 2025: JUSTIÇA PARA OS AFRICANOS E AFRODESCENDENTES ATRAVÉS DAS REPARAÇÕES
Justice, restoration and reparations: a Nigerian perspective on addressing the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial economic legacies
Bello, Olalekan A & Gbede, Olusegun
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Framing reparations for historical injustices: the normative and strategic potential of the African Union Transitional Justice Policy
Fomekong, Steve Tiwa
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Reparação das injustiças do passado: uma análise a partir do colonialismo Português
Garrido, Rui
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Reparation for historical injustices committed during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia from 1935 to 1941: analysis of the prospect for success
Gelaye, Tsega Andualem
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Listening for silences in Algeria: eliminating the structural silencing of survivors of conflict-related rape as entrenched in Africa during colonisation
Lasseko-Phooko, Matilda
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The unresolved land question in Zimbabwe: reparations for colonial injustices versus compensation to white farmers
Maringe, Noah & Makuzwa, Nyasha
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The potential role of the International Court of Justice in advancing Africa’s reparatory justice agenda
Mavedzenge, Justice Alfred
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Le droit à réparation des victimes des injustices historiques causées par l’esclavage et la colonisation
Mubiala, Mutoy
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From reparative to transformative justice: a Pan-African feminist reimagining of reparations in Africa and the diaspora
Nabaneh, Satang, Mahlangu, Bongiwe, Mothoa, Baatseba, Curry, Gaynel & Persson, Ida
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Enhancing access to reparatory justice for women: the role of African human rights bodies
Nassuna, Rizzan
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Dispensing justice through reparations: benchmarking the decision of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in the Ogiek case in protecting indigenous peoples’ right to development in Tanzania
Ngaiza, Cecilia
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Africa’s silent crime: towards recognising ecocide under the Malabo Court Protocol
Nyambi, Nfor N Nde
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African continental reparations framework and strategies for compensation for the European slave trade, colonial exploitations and injustices
Ogwezzy, Michael C
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Réparer le passé colonial au prisme des initiatives judiciaires et extra-judiciaires nationales: réflexion prospective à partir de l’exemple belge
Sindani, Jonas Kakule
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Reparative justice and the colonial continuum: towards a Pan-African Research and Policy Agenda on Climate Reparations
Toussaint, Patrick & Appadoo, Krishnee Adnarain
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III CASE COMMENTARIES
COMMENTAIRES DE DECISIONS
COMENTÁRIOS À JURISPRUDÊNCIA
La contribution du Comité africain d’experts sur les droits et le bien-être de l’enfant dans le processus de réparation des injustices historiques: cas des enfants d’ascendance nubienne au Kenya
Abelungu, Junior Mumbala
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A questão da responsabilidade internacional do Ruanda pelas atividades armadas no território da República Democrática do Congo: reflexões jurídicas sobre um contencioso em curso perante o Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos
Maia, Catherine & Akpe, Aklesso Jacques
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Protecting intellectual property through a human rights approach: jurisprudential missteps and missed opportunities in the ECOWAS Court’s decision in Solomon Ekolama v Nigeria
Nyinevi, Christopher & Osei, Ezekiel
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Extraordinary rendition and obligations of Nigeria under international law: the trial of Mazi Nnamdi Kanu
Osisioma, Cajetan
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